Asijkstok



UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FIREPROOFING MATERIAL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 624,828. dated May 9, 1899.

Application filed June l3, 1896. Serial No. 595,494. (No specimens.)

'l'o (til 14*710121- it may concern;

lie itknown that l, ALnEu'rLA N'rzKE, a cit izen ofthe l nited States. and a resident ofNcw York, (Hath lleacln) county of Kings, and Statoof New York, have invented cert aip new and useful Improvements in Fireproofing Materials, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

My invention relates to the mannfact tire of fireproofing materials; and it consists in the hereinafterdescribed eonst ructiou of fireproof flexible lining or wrapping and of fireproofiug building material composed of several layers of such fireproof flexible sheets.

In the accompanyiugd rawings, Figurel isa sectional view of the material used in the construction of my improved fireproofing-sheets. l"ig. i is a sectional View of a lireproofingsheet. Fig. is a perspective view of my improved ti reproofing building material, and Fig. l is a sectional view of a non-conductive pipe-covering iuclosed in a jacket or wrapper of my improved fireproofirig-sheet.

In fircproofing of buildings not originally constructed as fireproof the architects resort to lining the walls and ceilings with asbestos millboard, because of the inability of the structural parts of such buildings to sustain the considerable additional weight that would be imposed on them by a solid fireproofing construction. Asbestos millboard is composed to a considerable extent (forty to sixty percent.) of burnt clay or some similar material, which must be mixed with asbestos fiber to combine itinto a compact mass. The construction of such linings is also very laborious on account of the brittleness of the millboard and the limited size of the sheets. lIeat destroys the adhesiveness of the component parts of asbestos millboard, and consequently in case of ti re it disintegrates and a lining constructed thereof is rendered inetfective.

Asbestos is a reliable fireproofingmaterial but in order to make it applicable for the purpose it is necessary to combine it with some other material that will uphold the structure. Having found from tests and experience that a combination of asbestos with such material as used in asbestos millboard will not answer this purpose, I eombineit with material more suitable for the purpose and in such manner that its fire-resistive quality is fully utilized, and the product, while comparatively very light, is of sullicieut tensile strength, rendering it suitable as fireproofing-linings and also as material for construction of fireproof partit-ion-walls.

lnre asbestos material produced in very thin sheets containing besides asbestos fibers onlya 'erysmall quautityof non-eombnstihle chemicals bindingthe fibers together, but not affecting their flexibility, is absolutely fireproof and will not disintegrate when exposed to fire. To render this material suitable for the explained purpose, I combine it with other material (which I call structural filling) which may or may not be fireproof, but. must. however, be capable of imparting to the composite sheet the requisite tensile strength and structural rigidity. The structural filling or core (indicated by letter I) in the drawings) is made of some fibrous material of sutlicient consistency or tensile strengthas, for in' stance, someloosely-woven fabrie,lil cchcesecloth, jute, vegetable or asbestos paper, or any other equivalent thereofwhich before being joined with the sheets of asbestosis saturated by a non-eomlmstible hardening solution, preferably silicate of soda. The solution when hardened imparts to the previously soft and pliable material the requisite structural rigidity to resist pressure and serves also as binding medium uniting the outer asbestos layers to this core.

I prefer to apply the asbestos sheets (t and a, to both sides of the structural filling I), though for several purposes this may not be necessary. The com posite sheet is passed through heated rollers, compressing the lay ers together and at the same time corrugating the composite sheet, which when finished is rigid in the direction of the corrugation, but flexible in the other direction. The finished composite sheets are then adapted as fireproofiug-linings for walls and also as jackets for non-conductive coverings on pipes and boilers. Their fire-resisting quality is so great that a single layer of such material will etliectivcly prevent the spread of fire through partitions lined therewith and protect woodcure by Letters Patent--- work in ceilings of rooms or apartments for a considerable length of time.

'lhe lireprooting-sheets hav a eomparalively smooth surface capable of receiving a tinish for decorative waterproof coating.

purposes or suitable, This will be found t-xpedient for many purposes, especially llt'lt the lireprooling-shcets are to be used as jackets for non-conductire covering or as lining for ceilingsorwalls in kitchens, factorie and the like. used for making of building material for absolutely lireprool walls or partitions and ex i posed ceilings. Such building material is composed of several layers of the composite fi reprooti ng'shcetspvh ich are in terposcd crosswise, as shown in Fig. 3, the corrugations of the layers A being then at right angles to the corrugations of the layers 13. The several layers are seen red together by wire fasteners 0, set in the joining-points of the layers. \Vhen an even surface is required, I secure to the outside of the first layer a flat sheet C of the same material, a thin layer of plastic materialfor instance, plastcr-of-paris or ccinentwhich is applied to the outside of the top layer to fill in the corrugations and even its surface, or a sheet of thin asbestos millboard. 'l'liis sheet of millboard before being secured to the layer A is first treated with silicate of soda to render its surface more compact and capable of receiving a finish. The fireproofing material is produced either in blocks of uniform size adapted for uscin similar manner as tiles for linings, or as hollow building-blocks, or in large sheets, and in any thickness, as may be required.

The fireproofing building material is comparatively very light and therefore suitable for fircproofing and for constructive purposes in such buildings where this would be other wise impossible without strengthening the supporting structure. Partitions or walls constructed wholly of such material are not only self-sustaining, butalso capable of hearing such weight and strains as may properly be imposedon an inner wall in a building.

By the described construction of this the proofing building material the non-conductive and protective quality of asbestos is reinforced by the non-conductivity of air inclosed within the body of the material, and it will be therefore apparent to all familiar with the art that a partition or lining constructed of such material will be very effective in protection against spread of tire. Such partitions are also absolutely soundproof.

'lhe tireprooting-sheets are also I claim as my invention and desire to so.

i. iil'eprooling-slieel, composed ot a rigid core of permeable fabric, saturated with an incoinbnst ible hardening solnt ion, and of l \vo layers of lIlt'(1t||lHl. llltl( material thereto by the lllt'lll|tl ll llllll hardening o lut ion.

1. liriproolilig-sl|ei-t composed o1 one layer of libi'ou t'alirie. aturated \\lill an in combu tibl hardening solution. and of two layers of asbestos material cemented (Illt' on each side, to the, layer of librons l'aliritand firmly compres ed together with the inner layer.

1 A composite iireprooling-sheet consistingofa sheet of permeable material saturated with an ineombustible and lltlltlOlllllg solution, and of sheets of pure ornearly pnreasliestos fabric covering the permeable material and united thereto by the ineombustible hardening solution rendering the composite sheet structurally rigid.

-l. A composite tireproolingsheet consist ing of an inner layer of incomlmstiblc fabric, permeated by an inr-oinbustilile hardening so lution, and of outer layers of pliable incoin bust ible material cemented to the inner layer by the incombustible hardcningsolnt ion li|ling the inner layer.

5, A composite1ireprooling-sheet,co1nposed of three layers of ineomliustible fabrieainited by an iuconibustiblc hardening solution. sat urating the inner layer, and corrugated.

i. A tlreprooling material composed of crosswise interposed, corrugated composite sheets, eachsheet consisting ofan innerlayer of permeable fabric saturated with an incombustiblc hardening solution, and of outer layers of pure or nearly pure asbestos material, united by the incombustible hardening solution filling the inner layer.

7. A tireproofing building-block composed of crosswise interposed layers of corrugated composite tireprooling-shcets, each sheet consistingof three layers of ineomlnistiblefabric, united by an ineombustible hardening solution saturating the inner layer, and of a flat layer of non-eomliustible material applied on the surface of the block.

In witness that 1 claim the improvements described in the foregoing speeitieat ionl have signed my name in the presence of two subscribing witnesses.

se ured \Vitnesses:

RICHARD I. l'ILLIH'F't, A. W. Kl'hZ. 

